Total-data.xlsx

The study covers a large area of natural forests in Northeastern China. The latitudinal and longitudinal ranges of the study region extend from 39–54°N (across 15 degree range) and 119–134°E (15 degree range), respectively. The climate varies from a middle temperate zone to a cool temperate zone. All these zones are characterized by strong seasonality with four distinctly different seasons. The main precipitation period is between July and September, and there is a harsh dry spring season.

    The database includes 262 plots, each containing four 100 m2 circular subplots. The distance between any two adjacent subplots is 15 m. The latitudinal range of these plots extends from 39 to 54° N (a range of 15°). The total land area of the investigated region is approximately 700 000 km2, of which more than one-third is covered by temperate broadleaf and mixed coniferous forests (FAO & UN, 2020; Olson et al., 2001).