QRIS Adoption in Indonesia's Digital Payment Method

The adoption of QRIS has expanded rapidly in Indonesia, yet usage differs by generation. This study integrates TAM, UTAUT, and PMT to explain behavioral intention (BI) and use behavior (UB) of QRIS, and to test generational moderation. We surveyed 260 QRIS users and analyzed the model with PLS-SEM. Perceived usefulness (PU), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), and risk protection (RP) significantly increased BI; BI strongly predicted UB. Perceived security (PS) did not directly predict BI, suggesting that users may rely more on perceived protections and social cues than on general security beliefs. Generational differences did not exert a direct effect on BI or UB but moderated several relationships. For example, the impact of EE (negative) and facilitating conditions (unfavorable) weakened for older users, while the effect of SI strengthened. The model explains substantial variance in BI and UB. We discuss design and policy implications: simplify onboarding and support for older users, leverage normative cues for mature cohorts, and foreground concrete risk-protection features for all users. Limitations (young/urban sample; cross-sectional data) and directions for multi-group and longitudinal research are outlined.