A Contemplation of Renal Calculi and it's Metabolic Evaluation in Bundelkhand Region

Introduction: Kidney stones develop as a result of various metabolic disorders which affect various elements in the body especially calcium. Study was done to record the metabolic evaluation of kidney stone patients and to identify metabolic abnormality, and treating the same. Nephrolithiasis is a major public health problem worldwide. In recent years, growing evidence suggest that this disease may originate from underlying metabolic disorders. This is the first study that reports the frequency of different metabolic abnormalities among patients with nephrolithiasis in Bundelkhand Region. Material and Methods: A prospective observational study, of hundred patients with the history of pain in flanks radiating to front and analyzing them for any metabolic abnormality. We analyzed urine samples for volume, creatinine, calcium, citrate, oxalate, uric acid, sodium, and cystine. Fasting blood samples were assessed for serum calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, uric acid, albumin, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Results: Out of the 200 patients, 140 were males and 60 were females. Patients underwent metabolic evaluation, in which 110 male, 30 female patients had a metabolic abnormality remaining male and female patients had no abnormality. The common abnormality found was hyproxaluria, followed by hypercalciuria -hypocitraturia and hypernatriuria of the cases. Conclusion:Metabolic evaluation is a must which greatly help to diagnose kidney stone and reduce the risk of stone recurrence, Although, high calcium excretion was the most frequent metabolic derangement in several similar studies, it is not frequent among nephrolithiasis patients. Instead, other metabolic risk factors were in higher frequencies.