Urban form and environmental characteristics explain variability in air pollution exposure and inequality

This study investigates how urban development and environmental factors contribute to the unequal distribution of air pollution across 85 counties in Fujian Province, China. We found that although some areas experience higher overall pollution levels, the distribution of pollution within these regions is uneven. Factors like urbanization, development density, economic activity, and social segregation significantly influence how pollution is spread across different communities. Notably, areas with high population density and economic activity tend to have more concentrated pollution exposure, while environmental factors like temperature and vegetation cover also affect pollution patterns. These findings highlight the importance of integrating both environmental and socio-economic factors into urban planning to reduce air pollution disparities and ensure healthier living conditions for all communities.