Prolonged inhibition of CaMKII results in hyperexcitability by increasing NaV1.2 expression and its interaction with CaM
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Dysfunction of calcium/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) has been involved in hyperexcitability-related disorders including epilepsy. However, the exact mechanism by which CaMKII inhibits neuronal excitability remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that seizure-like events recorded by EEG in both wild-type and genetic epilepsy model rats were markedly augmented in response to the prolonged inhibition of CaMKII, indicating that the inactivation of CaMKII enhanced the neuronal excitability. Electrophysiological recording showed that CaMKII inhibition induced hyperexcitability of cultured hippocampal neurons and potentiation of neuronal activity in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons. We further revealed that CaMKII inhibition enhanced the persistent slow inactivating sodium current (I<sub>NaP</sub>) of hippocampal neurons, which was attributed to increased neuronal expression of the voltage-gated sodium channel Na<sub>V</sub>1.2. Our findings suggest that Na<sub>V</sub>1.2 expression was transcriptionally upregulated by the negative regulator nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 (<em>NR4A2</em>). Furthermore, CaMKII inhibition induced interaction between Na<sub>V</sub>1.2 and CaM through immunoprecipitation assay. Intriguingly, a peptide that antagonized the binding of CaM to the IQ domain of Na<sub>V</sub>1.2 prevented neuronal hyperexcitability induced by CaMKII inhibition <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>. Altogether, we unveil that prolonged CaMKII inhibition leads to hyperexcitability through increasing the expression of Na<sub>V</sub>1.2 and its association with CaM. Thus, our study uncovers a novel signaling mechanism by which CaMKII maintains to appropriate neuronal excitability.
