Researcher effects on the biological structure and edaphic conditions of field sites and implications for management

Field studies are necessary for understanding natural processes, but they can disturb the environment. Despite researchers acknowledging these effects, no studies have empirically tested the direct (e.g., harvesting plants) and indirect effects (i.e., trampling) of researcher activities on biological structure and edaphic conditions. We leveraged field studies in Alabama and California to monitor the recovery of tidal marshes following research activities. Researcher effects on animals, plants, and sediment conditions remained prevalent almost one year after the disturbance ended. For instance, trampled plots had 14-97% lower plant cover than undisturbed plots after >10 months of recovery. Researcher effects also impacted plant composition, leading to increased subordinate species abundance. We encourage field researchers to adopt strategies that reduce their scientific footprints, including reducing field visits, limiting field team size, and considering ways to limit potential envi...