Multimodal Anti-Helicobacter pylori Effects of Lactobacillus casei HY001: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a primary cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers and is significantly associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Current antibiotic therapies for H. pylori face challenges such as increasing antibiotic resistance and side effects like gut microbiota dysbiosis, highlighting the urgent need for exploring effective alternative or adjuvant therapeutic strategies. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus casei in alleviating H. pylori-induced gastritis in a mouse model, with a specific focus on its impact on the gastric tissue microbiota. Through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the mouse gastric mucosa, we systematically analyzed changes in the structure, diversity, and specific composition of the gastric microbial community before and after Lacticaseibacillus casei HY001 intervention. The dataset generated by this study will reveal how Lacticaseibacillus casei HY001 modulates the gastric microecology in the context of H. pylori infection, providing direct evidence for understanding the mechanisms by which probiotics antagonize H. pylori via microbial pathways. This work lays a crucial theoretical foundation for developing probiotic-based microecological agents to prevent or treat H. pylori-related diseases.