HIV prevalence and age-adjusted risk ratios estimates for ANC (2002 and 2008) and ZDHS (2001–2002 and 2007) by age-group and province.

βA total of 600 women recorded as rural residents attending ANC sites in Lusaka were excluded from the analysis because all the sites in Lusaka were urban and Lusaka is predominantly an urban district. The highlighted p-values are statistically significant at 0.05 level, n is number and % is percentage, aRR is age- adjusted risk ratio. The dash (–) represent missing cases.