Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Tropical Rainforest Biomass in Hainan Based on Multi-modal Temporal Remote Sensing Data Fusion

This study integrated ground-based plot surveys and multi-source remote sensing data to develop a canopy height and aboveground biomass estimation model for Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park from 2003 to 2023. To support scientific transparency and model reproducibility, a portion of the research data has been organized and made publicly available. The dataset includes the following three categories:<b>1</b><b>、</b><b>Survey data of tropical rainforest plots</b><b>：</b><b>Biomass data of 140 sample plots:</b> Includes 140 sample plots (10 m × 10 m), with information on plot ID, geographic coordinates, forest type, and biomass of tree and understory layers.<b>Biomass data of 64 historical plots:</b> Contains biomass data from 64 historical plots (25.8 m × 25.8 m), including plot ID, location, and aboveground biomass.<b>Data of individual trees from 140 sample plots: </b>Covers detailed measurements of 4,732 individual trees, including species name, diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, crown volume, and estimated biomass per tree.<b>2</b><b>、</b><b>Forest type distribution data</b><b>：</b>Based on the natural forest classification dataset, GLC_FCS30D land cover data, and ALOS DEM elevation data, this shapefile represents forest type distribution in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park from 2003 to 2023 at a 30-meter spatial resolution (WGS 1984 coordinate system).<b>3</b><b>、</b><b>Remote sensing estimation results of biomass and canopy height of tropical rainforests in Hainan from 2003 to 2023</b><b>：</b>Includes annual maps of forest aboveground biomass density and canopy height distribution in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park from 2003 to 2023. All data are provided in GeoTIFF format with a spatial resolution of 30 meters, suitable for GIS-based analysis and visualization.