Investigation of gut microbiota disorders in norovirus infected children patients based on 16s rRNA sequencing

Norovirus is the leading cause of sporadic viral gastroenteritis cases and outbreaks. Gut microbiota plays a key role in maintaining immune homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the composition and functional effects of gut microbiota in children infected with norovirus. Stool samples were collected from 31 children infected with norovirus and 25 healthy children. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, followed by composition, correlation network, functional and phenotype prediction analyses. Gut microbiota in children infected with norovirus was characterized by lower species richness and diversity. <i>Veillonella</i> is the dominant gut microbiota specie in norovirus infection. <i>Blautia</i> was significantly lower in norovirus infection. There was a positive correlation between <i>Faecalibacterium</i>, <i>Blautia</i>, <i>Subdoligranulum</i>, <i>Eubacterium_hallii_group</i>, <i>Fusicatenibacter</i>, <i>Agathobacter</i>, <i>Roseburia</i> and <i>Dorea</i>. Functionally, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism, selenocysteine lyase and peroxiredoxin were the most significantly higher functional compositions of gut microbiota in norovirus infection. However, sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase and fermentation were the most significantly lower functional compositions in norovirus infection group. Phenotype analysis showed that Contains_Mobile_Elements had the highest level of phenotypes in the gut microbiota of norovirus infection. Norovirus infection may lead to dysregulation of the gut microbiome in children.