Data and code from: Assessing the effect of experimental evolution under combined thermal-nutritional stress on larval thermotolerance and thermal plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster

Animals commonly face combinations of thermal and nutritional stress in nature, which will intensify under climate change. While genetic adaptation is necessary to buffer long-term stress, it’s unclear whether adaptation to combined stress can occur without compromising viability and thermal plasticity. We tested larval thermotolerance and thermal plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster selected under different temperatures (18°C, 25°C, and 28°C) and diets (standard, diluted, and low-protein:high-carbohydrate [P:C]). Basal larval cold tolerance was affected by both protein concentration and temperature; larvae evolved higher basal cold tolerance on the diluted and low P:C diets at 18°C and 28°C. Hardening increased cold tolerance for most lines, except those selected at 18°C and 28°C on low P:C diets and at 25°C on standard diets. Basal larval heat tolerance was affected by selection temperature; selection at 25°C increased heat tolerance. An interaction between selection temperature, sel..., Fly stock – Collection and initiation of experimental evolution lines
Two hundred female D. melanogaster were collected in Duranbah, Queensland (28.3° S, 153° E) in 2018 to initiate isofemale lines (Alton et al. 2024). Flies were returned to the laboratory and were treated with tetracycline to remove Wolbachia (Min and Benzer 1997). Two generations after tetracycline treatment, five males and five virgin females from each line were used to create a mass-bred base population. A large number of isofemale lines were used to maximise genetic variation in the founding mass-bred population. The base population was maintained under control conditions — at 25°C on the standard diet with 12:12 hour light:dark cycles (see below) — across 60 bottles each containing approximately 750–1000 flies, for two generations before the initiation of selection. It is worth noting that, because the mass-bred population was maintained for only two generations before the selection experiment, it was most likely ..., , # Data and coding files for: **Assessing the effect of experimental evolution under combined thermal-nutritional stress on larval thermotolerance and thermal plasticity in *Drosophila melanogaster***

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.mcvdnck7z](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.mcvdnck7z)

We investigated how long-term adaptation to combined thermal-nutritional stress affects larval thermotoelrance and thermal plasticity. We assessed basal and induced cold and heat tolerance of larvae from nine *D. melanogaster* experimental evolution lines that were forced adapted to combinations of three temperatures (18°C, 25°C and 28°C) and three diets (standard, diluted and low protein:high carbohydrate [low P:C] diets) using laboratory natural selection.

## Description of the data and file structure

This repository contains the following data and scripts:

* **Viability data** (\".csv\")
* **R markdown scripts** (\".Rmd\") containing code for data analyses and visualizations
* **R markdown in the HTML not...,