HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) AND ITS MODERN DIAGNOSTIC METHODS

This article discusses the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), its biological characteristics, and its effects on the human body. Particular attention is given to the mechanisms by which HIV damages the immune system, especially CD4 T-lymphocytes. The article also reviews modern laboratory diagnostic methods, including ELISA, PCR, and immunoblot techniques, and their diagnostic significance. These methods enable early detection of the disease, control of infection spread, and the implementation of effective treatment strategies. The study results highlight the importance of early diagnosis of HIV infection and the need to strengthen preventive measures.