RNA-seq analysis of rat urethral tissue after tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) treatment

Urethral injury often leads to excessive inflammation and fibrosis, which are major contributors to urethral stricture and impaired tissue repair. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDN) are emerging nucleic acid nanomaterials with favorable biocompatibility and immunomodulatory properties; however, their transcriptomic effects during urethral injury repair remain poorly understood. In this study, a rat model of urethral injury was established using a mechanical method, and animals were treated with TDN or vehicle control. Urethral tissues were collected at defined time points after injury and treatment for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Transcriptomic profiling was performed to characterize global gene expression changes associated with urethral injury and to explore the molecular responses to TDN treatment. This dataset provides a comprehensive resource for investigating gene expression programs involved in urethral injury, inflammation, and fibrosis, and may facilitate further studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying nucleic acid nanomaterial-based therapeutic strategies for urethral repair. Overall design: Male rats were randomly assigned to different experimental groups, including a control group, a urethral injury model group, and a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) treatment group. Urethral injury was induced using a mechanical method, followed by administration of TDN or vehicle control according to the experimental protocol. Urethral tissues were harvested after treatment, and total RNA was extracted for transcriptome analysis. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed using an Illumina sequencing platform with paired-end reads. The resulting sequencing data were used to compare global gene expression profiles among experimental groups and to characterize transcriptional changes associated with urethral injury and TDN treatment.