Enterprise Survey 2009 - Eritrea

Abstract
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This research is an Indicator Survey conducted in Eritrea from July 4 to Aug. 10, 2009, as part of the Enterprise Survey initiative. An Indicator Survey, which is similar to an Enterprise Survey, is implemented for smaller economies where the sampling strategies inherent in an Enterprise Survey are often not applicable due to the limited universe of firms.

The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.

Questionnaire topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, land and permits, taxation, business-government relations, performance measures, AIDS and sickness.

The mode of data collection is face-to-face interviews.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe
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The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities-sectors.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample for registered establishments in Eritrea was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in the Eritrea sample: firm sector, firm size, and geographic region.

Industry stratification was designed as follows: the universe was stratified into manufacturing and services industries. The initial sample design had a target of 75 interviews in manufacturing and 75 interviews in services.

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition used for the Enterprise Surveys: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent fulltime workers.

Regional stratification was defined in terms of the geographic regions with the largest commercial presence in the country: Debub, Maekel and Northern Red Sea.

The sample frame used for the survey was a combination of two databases. For manufacturing sectors, the official list from the National Statistics Bureau and National Chamber of Commerce and Industry were used. The 2007 year was used. For services sectors, the Services establishments database from the National Chamber of Commerce and Industry National Statistics was used. The 2007 year was used. Both database contained the following information:
-Name of the firm
-Contact details
-ISIC code
-Number of employees.

Given the impact that non-eligible units included in the sample universe may have on the results, adjustments may be needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of sampled establishments contacted for the survey was 6.9% (20 out of 290 establishments). Breaking down by industry, the following numbers of establishments were surveyed: Manufacturing - 94, Services - 85.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The current survey instruments are available:
- Services Questionnaire
- Manufacturing Questionnaire
- Screener Questionnaire.

The Services Questionnaire is administered to the establishments in the services sector. The Manufacturing Questionnaire is built upon the Services Questionnaire and adds specific questions relevant to manufacturing.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Cleaning operations
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Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate
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Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in "Description of Eritrea Implementation 2009" in "Technical Documents" folder.

摘要
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本研究为埃塞俄比亚企业调查计划的一部分，于2009年7月4日至8月10日进行的指标调查。指标调查类似于企业调查，通常适用于较小经济体，因为在企业调查中固有的抽样策略往往不适用于企业范围有限的情况。
调查的目的是收集企业对私营部门状况的反馈，并有助于构建企业数据面板，从而能够追踪商业环境随时间的变化，例如，对改革的影响评估。通过访谈制造业和服务业的企业，调查评估了私营部门增长的制约因素，并创建了具有统计学意义的、可跨国比较的商业环境指标。
问卷主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资渠道、年销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、土地和许可证、税收、商业政府关系、绩效指标、艾滋病和疾病。
数据收集方式为面对面访谈。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单元
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本研究的主要抽样单元为机构。机构是指进行商业活动、工业运营或提供服务的地方。一个企业可能由一个或多个机构组成。例如，一家啤酒厂可能有几个灌装厂和几个分销机构。在本调查中，机构必须能够做出自己的财务决策，并拥有与企业的财务报表分开的财务报表。机构还必须拥有自己的管理和对其工资单的控制。
总体
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企业调查涵盖的总体或范围是非农业经济。它包括：根据ISIC修订版3.1分组分类的所有制造业部门（组D）、建筑业部门（组F）、服务业部门（组G和H），以及运输、仓储和通信部门（组I）。请注意，此人口定义不包括以下部门：金融中介（组J）、房地产和租赁活动（组K，除子部门72，IT外，该子部门已纳入研究人口），以及所有公共或公用事业部门。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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埃塞俄比亚注册机构的样本使用分层随机抽样方法选择。埃塞俄比亚样本中使用了三个分层级别：企业部门、企业规模和地理区域。
行业分层如下：总体被分层为制造业和服务业。初始样本设计的目标是制造业75次访谈，服务业75次访谈。
规模分层根据企业调查中使用的标准化定义定义：小型（5至19名员工）、中型（20至99名员工）和大型（超过99名员工）。为了分层的目的，员工人数根据报告的正式全职员工人数定义。
区域分层根据国家中商业存在最大的地理区域定义：Debub、Maekel和北方红海。
调查中使用的样本框架是两个数据库的组合。对于制造业部门，使用了国家统计局和商务部提供的官方名单。使用了2007年的数据。对于服务业部门，使用了商务部国家统计局的服务机构数据库。使用了2007年的数据。两个数据库都包含以下信息：
-公司名称
-联系详情
-ISIC代码
-员工人数。
鉴于样本总体中包含的非合格单位可能对结果产生的影响，在计算单个观察值的适当权重时可能需要进行调整。调查中接触到的样本机构中确认的非合格单位占比例为6.9%（290家机构中的20家）。按行业细分，调查了以下数量的机构：制造业-94家，服务业-85家。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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当前调查工具包括：
-服务业问卷
-制造业问卷
-筛选问卷。
服务业问卷适用于服务业机构。制造业问卷基于服务业问卷，并增加了与制造业相关的特定问题。
标准企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资渠道、年销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可证、税收、非正式性、商业政府关系、创新和技术、以及绩效指标。超过90%的问题客观地确定了国家商业环境的特征。其余问题评估了调查受访者对阻碍企业增长和绩效的障碍的看法。
数据清洗操作
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数据录入和质量控制由承包商执行，数据以批量形式（通常是10%、50%和100%）交付给世界银行。这些数据交付将进行逻辑一致性、超出范围值、跳过模式和重复条目的检查。问题由世界银行标记，并由执行承包商通过数据检查、回访和重访机构进行纠正。
响应率
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有关抽样方法、样本框架、权重、响应率和实施的完整信息，可在“技术文件”文件夹中的“埃塞俄比亚实施描述2009”中找到。