Table_2_A comparison of the substance use related risk and protective factor profiles for American Indian and White American youth: a mixed studies review.DOCX

BackgroundAmerican Indian youth are disproportionately impacted by substance use compared to White American youth in the United States. This mixed studies review focused on gathering data to examine the similarities and differences between the risk and protective factor profiles for substance use among American Indian and White American youth aged 10–21.MethodsA scan of the existing literature was needed to review substance use related risk and protective factors for American Indian and White American youth. Search phrases were created to ensure maximum relevant results from existing literature through 2021. After deduplication, an appraisal tool was utilized to review 343 records. A total of 19 articles were deemed relevant. Data from relevant articles was recorded and categorized into the levels of the Social Ecological Model.ResultsSignificant and salient risk and protective factors of substance use for both American Indian and White American youth presented at the individual, interpersonal (family/non-family), and community levels of the Social Ecological Model. A total of 84 factors were found from relevant articles, 55 risk factors and 29 protective factors. When comparing the American Indian and White American youth profiles, a total of 29 unique differences between American Indian (n = 21) and White American youth (n = 8) were identified.DiscussionResults from this review can be utilized to inform Tribal leaders, stakeholders, and policymakers, which will ultimately influence health intervention strategies and prioritizations. Given the limited evidence though, researchers should be responsive to Tribal communities’ call to action for utilizing a culturally rooted approach.

美国印第安青年在物质滥用方面相较于白人美国青年，受到了不成比例的影响。本项混合研究综述旨在收集数据，以探讨10至21岁美国印第安青年与白人美国青年在物质滥用风险和保护因素特征上的异同。研究方法上，需对现有文献进行扫描，以回顾美国印第安和白人美国青年物质滥用相关的风险和保护因素。通过构建搜索词，确保从截止至2021年的现有文献中获取最大程度的相关结果。在去重后，采用评估工具对343条记录进行审查。共19篇文章被认为与本研究相关。相关文章的数据被记录并分类至社会生态模型的各个层次。结果显示，在美国印第安和白人美国青年中，物质滥用的显著和关键风险及保护因素在个体、人际（家庭/非家庭）和社区层面上均有呈现。相关文章中共发现84个因素，其中风险因素55个，保护因素29个。在比较美国印第安与白人美国青年的特征时，识别出美国印第安青年（n=21）与白人美国青年（n=8）之间的29个独特差异。讨论部分指出，本综述的结果可为部落领袖、利益相关者和政策制定者提供信息，从而最终影响健康干预策略和优先级排序。然而，鉴于现有证据有限，研究人员应积极响应部落社区对于采用文化根源方法的行动呼吁。