Dataset of Annual Mean and Maximum Vegetation Indices in the YiSiMu River Basin (2019–2024)

This dataset is derived from Sentinel-2 satellite data and processed on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to produce annual mean vegetation indices (NDVI, kNDVI) and the corresponding fractional vegetation cover (FVC_ndvi, FVC_kndvi) products at 10 m resolution for the Yisimu River Basin during 2019–2024. In the processing workflow, Sentinel-2 images with cloud cover less than 50% were selected, QA60 masks were applied to remove clouds and cirrus clouds, and the images were cropped to the basin extent. NDVI and kNDVI were calculated, and two FVC products were generated using the pixel dichotomy model. To improve temporal continuity and spatial completeness, the annual products were further processed with Savitzky–Golay filtering, inter-annual interpolation, and local spatial interpolation. Comparison with MODIS 250 m products indicates R² > 0.77, confirming high data reliability.The dataset has a spatial resolution of 10 m, is provided in the WGS 84 coordinate system (EPSG:4326), in GeoTIFF format with int16 encoding (values × 10,000). The raster files are named following the convention “c[year]_[index]_mean.tif”. This dataset provides high-resolution baseline data to support vegetation change analysis, agricultural and forestry management, and ecosystem and environmental monitoring in the Yisimu River Basin.