Infrasonic Data from the July 4–11, 2024 Paroxysm of Stromboli Volcano

Paroxysmal eruptions, marked by abrupt and intense explosive activity, are frequent occurrences at many open-vent volcanoes as well as at Stromboli Volcano (Italy). Here, we present an acoustic dataset recorded by an infrasound station, called PISA, deployed at Stromboli Volcano (Italy) during July, 2024. This dataset was collected during a field experiment within the framework of "Progetto INGV Pianeta Dinamico” -Sub-project VT_DYNAMO 2023- code CUP D53J19000170001 - funded by Italian Ministry MIUR (“Fondo Finalizzato al rilancio degli investimenti delle amministrazioni centrali dello Stato e allo sviluppo del Paese”, legge 145/2018).

The main goal was to offer the best possible data to improve the acoustic network to analyse the eruptive activities characterized by constant degassing and continuous explosions from the summit craters, occasionally interrupted by brief but powerful paroxysms.

During the field experiment, we acquired an unexpected and interesting complete dataset of acoustic waveforms generated by the intense explosive activity that occurred during July, 2024. This activity began on July 3, when intense spattering was observed in the northern summit crater sector of the Stromboli, resulting in a series of partial collapses of the northern crater rim. These collapses also re-mobilized material that had been ejected in the days prior. A major explosion occurred the day after (04 of July), accompanied by lava flow and several collapses of pyroclastic material. This kind of activity continued during the following days till the 11 of July, when a paroxysm took place in the northern crater area, generating an eruptive column, and a pyroclastic flow rapidly descending along the Sciara del Fuoco, triggering a small-scale tsunami wave. 

This data repository includes acoustic waveforms of 4 and 11 July 2024 and related metadata. The infrasonic station PISA was installed at Punta Labronzo area, the northern tip of the island, at an elevation of 128 m a.s.l. and at a distance of about 1800 m from the craters. This location was chosen considering three main criteria: i) site accessibility and safety of personnel; ii) setting up a sensor array to finalize the alignment of the stations along the rim of the Sciara del Fuoco, the highly unstable slope of the volcano, to monitor scenarios of potentially hazardous paroxysms; iii) optimizing the detection and discrimination of activity from all summit craters.

PISA station was equipped with IST-2018 broadband microphones, frequency response between 60 mHz and 40 Hz, developed by The ISTerre, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, France (Grangeon and Lesage, 2019). Data were sampled at 100 Hz using DIGOS DATACUBE3 digital data recorders (https://digos.eu/CUBE/DATA-CUBE-Datasheet-2017-02.pdf). DATACUBE recorders have an effective resolution of 22.4 bit (at 100 Hz), and a GPS timing accuracy of 1 μs.

The equipment was made available within the framework of an established collaboration between the Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Pisa and, University of Liverpool (UK).

Table 1. Specifications of infrasound sensor and digitizer.

STZ Name

Latitude

Longitude

Elevation (m)

Infrasound sensor

Sensibility (mV/Pa)

Dynamic Range (Pa)

Frequency response (Hz)

Sampling Rate (Hz)

Digitizer

PISA

38,8094

15,2154

128

IST2018

20

+/- 480

0.06-40

100

Cube3