Critical thinking data

This study develops a Critical Thinking-Real World Practice (CT-RWP) learning framework, integrating Challenge-Based Learning (CBL) and Values and Knowledge Education (VaKE) to enhance Critical Thinking skills (CTs). Traditional teaching models often fail to connect learning with real-world contexts, limiting their effectiveness in fostering CTs. CBL emphasizes practical challenges but lacks CT-focused instructional strategies, while VaKE promotes reflective decision-making but overlooks real-world applications. The CT-RWP framework combines the strengths of both models to address these gaps. Using a mixed-methods approach, nine experts evaluated the content and construct validity of the CT-RWP framework through interviews and questionnaires. Additionally, 111 first-year students from a university in eastern China were divided into an experimental group (n=51), which received the CT-RWP framework intervention, and a control group (n=60) following a traditional curriculum. CTs were assessed using a standardized CT scale. The results demonstrate strong alignment with key CT skills such as critical analysis, open-mindedness, and application. Meanwhile, the pilot study shows that the experimental group had significantly higher post-test CT scores compared to the control group, indicating the framework's practical effectiveness. These findings suggest the CT-RWP framework has significant potential for enhancing CT teaching practices.