Table 1_Assessing antifeminism introducing the Leipzig Antifeminism Short Scale (LAF-S) in a German representative sample.docx

While gender equality and attitudes towards gender roles have become a topic of increased public interest, little attention has been drawn to the phenomenon of antifeminism as a distinct form of opposition against women’s emancipation. Although some approaches to measuring antifeminism exist, no instrument has yet been tested and validated on a large scale. The present study examines the psychometric properties of the four-item Leipzig Antifeminism Short Scale (LAF-S) in a representative German sample (N = 2,459). Results suggest good internal consistency and external validity. Unidimensionality was confirmed, and measurement invariance may be assumed across various sociodemographic groups. Differences in latent means were analyzed and discussed. The LAF-S thus proved to be a valuable and highly efficient instrument for measuring antifeminism on a large scale. Future studies should aim to validate the scale in different cultural settings, using the translation provided here.