Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) - Guinea-Bissau

Abstract
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Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 2.1 commits countries to end hunger, ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year around. Indicator 2.1.2, “Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)”, provides internationally-comparable estimates of the proportion of the population facing difficulties in accessing food. More detailed background information is available at http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/.

The FIES-based indicators are compiled using the FIES survey module, containing 8 questions. Two indicators can be computed:
1. The proportion of the population experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity (SDG indicator 2.1.2).
2. The proportion of the population experiencing severe food insecurity.

These data were collected by FAO through GeoPoll. General information on the methodology can be found here: https://www.geopoll.com/. National institutions can also collect FIES data by including the FIES survey module in nationally representative surveys.

Microdata can be used to calculate the indicator 2.1.2 at national level. Instructions for computing this indicator are described in the methodological document available in the documentations tab.

Geographic coverage
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National and Admin 1

Analysis unit
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Individuals

Universe
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Individuals of 15 years or older with access to landline and/or mobile phones.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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NA
Exclusions: NA
Design effect: NA

Mode of data collection
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Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing [CATI]

Cleaning operations
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Statistical validation assesses the quality of the FIES data collected by testing their consistency with the assumptions of the Rasch model. This analysis involves the interpretation of several statistics that reveal 1) items that do not perform well in a given context, 2) cases with highly erratic response patterns, 3) pairs of items that may be redundant, and 4) the proportion of total variance in the population that is accounted for by the measurement model.

Sampling error estimates
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The margin of error is estimated as NA. This is calculated around a proportion at the 95% confidence level. The maximum margin of error was calculated assuming a reported percentage of 50% and takes into account the design effect.

Data appraisal
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Since the population with access to mobile telephones is likely to differ from the rest of the population with respect to their access to food, post-hoc adjustments were made to control for the potential resulting bias. Post-stratification weights were built to adjust the sample distribution by gender and education of the respondent at admin-1 level, to match the same distribution in the total population. However, an additional step was needed to try to ascertain the food insecurity condition of those with access to phones compared to that of the total population.

Using FIES data collected by FAO through the GWP between 2014 and 2019, and a variable on access to mobile telephones that was also in the dataset, it was possible to compare the prevalence of food insecurity at moderate or severe level, and severe level only, of respondents with access to a mobile phone to that of the total population at national level.

摘要
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可持续发展目标（SDG）2.1承诺各国消除饥饿，确保全年所有人都能获得安全、营养和充足的食物。指标2.1.2，‘基于食物不安全经验量表（FIES）的食物不安全普遍程度’，提供了国际上可比较的估计，即面临食物获取困难的人口比例。更详细的历史背景信息可在http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/找到。

基于FIES的指标是通过FIES调查模块编制的，包含8个问题。可以计算两个指标：
1. 经历中度或重度食物不安全的人口比例（SDG指标2.1.2）。
2. 经历重度食物不安全的人口比例。

这些数据由FAO通过GeoPoll收集。有关方法论的详细信息可在以下链接找到：https://www.geopoll.com/。国家机构也可以通过在国家代表性调查中包含FIES调查模块来收集FIES数据。

微观数据可用于计算国家层面的指标2.1.2。计算此指标的说明可在文档标签页中找到。

地理覆盖范围
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国家和行政1级

分析单元
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个人

总体
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15岁及以上、能够使用固定电话和/或移动电话的个人。

数据类型
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样本调查数据[ssd]

抽样程序
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无

排除：无

设计效应：无

数据收集方式
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计算机辅助电话访谈[CATI]

数据清理操作
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统计验证通过测试FIES数据与Rasch模型假设的一致性来评估其质量。该分析涉及对多个统计量的解释，这些统计量揭示了1）在特定背景下表现不佳的项目，2）具有高度异常响应模式的案例，3）可能冗余的项目对，以及4）由测量模型解释的总体方差中的比例。

抽样误差估计
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误差范围估计为无。这是在95%置信水平下围绕比例计算的。最大误差范围是在假设报告百分比为50%的情况下计算的，并考虑了设计效应。

数据评估
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由于能够使用移动电话的群体可能与其他群体在食物获取方面存在差异，因此进行了事后调整以控制潜在的偏差。构建了后分层权重，以通过受访者在行政1级的教育和性别调整样本分布，以匹配总人口中的相同分布。然而，还需要额外一步来尝试确定能够使用电话的群体与总体人口的食物不安全状况。

利用FAO通过GWP在2014年至2019年间收集的FIES数据和数据集中同样存在的移动电话获取变量，可以比较在国家和全国层面，拥有移动电话的受访者中度或重度以及仅重度食物不安全的普遍程度。