RNA sequencing of control and PTPN2 knocked down transcriptomes in EndoC-??H1 cells with or without the treatment of pro-inflammatory cytokines

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of ß-cells in the pancreas. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are candidate genes for T1D and play a key role in autoimmune disease development and ß-cell function. Here, we assessed the global protein and individual PTP profile in the pancreas from diabetic NOD mice treated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). The treatment reversed hyperglycemia compared to the anti-CD3 alone control group. We observed enhanced expression of PTPN2, a T1D candidate gene, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones in islets from mice with reversed diabetes. To address the functional role of PTPN2 in ß-cells, we generated PTPN2 deficient stem cell-derived ß-like and human EndoC-ßH1 cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that PTPN2 inactivation in ß-cells exacerbates the type I and type II IFN signalling networks, and the potential progression towards autoimmunity. Moreover, we established the capacity of PTPN2 to modulate the Ca2+-dependent unfolded protein response in ß-cells. Adenovirus-induced overexpression of PTPN2 decreased BiP expression and partially protected from ER-stress induced ß-cell death. Our results postulate PTPN2 as a key protective factor in ß-cells during inflammation and ER stress in autoimmune diabetes. Overall design: mRNA profiles of control and PTPN2 knocked down ??-cells with or without treatment of human interferon-?? or interferon-a