Weighing Lysimeter Data for The Bushland, Texas Maize for Grain Datasets

This dataset consists of six years of weighing lysimeter data for six seasons of maize (Zea mays, L., also known as corn in the United States) grown for grain at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Laboratory (CPRL), Soil and Water Management Research Unit (SWMRU), Bushland, Texas (Lat. 35.186714°, Long. -102.094189°, elevation 1170 m above MSL) for 1989, 1990, 1994, 2013, 2016, and 2018. Maize was grown on four large, precision weighing lysimeters, each in the center of a 4.44 ha square field. The weighing lysimeters were used to measure mass, which was converted to relative soil water storage with 0.05 mm accuracy at 5-minute intervals, and the 5-minute change in soil water storage was used along with precipitation and irrigation amounts to calculate crop evapotranspiration (ET), which is reported at 15-minute intervals. Although a quality control process was used, the ET data in this dataset are considered raw data. Advanced algorithms for detection of precipitation, dew and frost were applied in a separate process to determine ET values that are reported in files in a dataset entitled "Evapotranspiration and Water Balance Data for The Bushland, Texas Maize for Grain Datasets". Those files have "water-balance" in their names. Each lysimeter was equipped with a suite of instruments to sense wind speed, air temperature and relative humidity, components of the radiation balance (e.g., net radiation, incoming and reflected shortwave, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), incoming and reflected longwave, thermal infrared emitted by the plant/soil surface), soil heat flux, soil temperature, and soil volumetric water content at certain depths. Not all properties were always sensed in any one year; and instruments used changed from season to season, which are reasons that subsidiary datasets and data dictionaries for each season are required.These datasets originate from research aimed at determining crop water use (ET), crop coefficients for use in ET-based irrigation scheduling based on a reference ET, crop growth, yield, harvest index, and crop water productivity as affected by irrigation method, timing, amount (full or some degree of deficit), agronomic practices, cultivar, and weather. Prior publications have focused on maize ET, crop coefficients, and crop water productivity. Crop coefficients have been used by ET networks. The data have utility for testing simulation models of crop ET, growth, and yield and have been used by the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP), by OPENET, and by many others for testing, and calibrating models of ET that use satellite and/or weather data.Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: 1989 Bushland, TX, East Maize Weighing Lysimeter and Microclimate Data. File Name: 1989_East_Maize_Lys_ClimDat.xlsx. Resource Description: This dataset consists of weighing lysimeter data for maize grown for grain at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Laboratory (CPRL), Soil and Water Management Research Unit (SWMRU), Bushland, Texas (Lat. 35.186714°, Long. -102.094189°, elevation 1170 m above MSL). This particular dataset contains lysimeter soil water storage and drainage data, and data from in-soil and above-soil sensors. Properties sensed included wind speed, air temperature and relative humidity, components of the radiation balance (e.g., net radiation, incoming and reflected shortwave, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), incoming and reflected longwave, thermal infrared emitted by the plant/soil surface), soil heat flux, soil temperature, and soil volumetric water content at certain depths. Not all properties where always sensed in any one year.Resource Title: 1990 Bushland, TX, East Maize Weighing Lysimeter and Microclimate Data. File Name: 1990_East_Maize_Lys_ClimDat.xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 1990, East fields.Resource Title: 1994 Bushland, TX, East Maize Weighing Lysimeter and Microclimate Data. File Name: 1994_East_Maize_Lys_ClimDat.xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 1994, East fields.Resource Title: 1994 Bushland, TX, West Maize Weighing Lysimeter and Microclimate Data. File Name: 1994_West_Maize_Lys_ClimDat.xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 1994, West fields.Resource Title: 2013 Bushland, TX, East Maize Weighing Lysimeter and Microclimate Data. File Name: 2013_East_Maize_Lys_ClimDat.xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 2013 East fields.Resource Title: 2013 Bushland, TX, West Maize Weighing Lysimeter and Microclimate Data. File Name: 2013_West_Maize_Lys_ClimDat.xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 2013 West fields.Resource Title: 2016 Bushland, TX, East Maize Weighing Lysimeter and Microclimate Data. File Name: 2016_East_Maize_Lys_ClimDat.xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 2016 East fields.Resource Title: 2016 Bushland, TX, West Maize Weighing Lysimeter and Microclimate Data. File Name: 2016_West_Maize_Lys_ClimDat.xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 2016 West fields.Resource Title: 2018 Bushland, TX, East Maize Weighing Lysimeter and Microclimate Data. File Name: 2018_East_Maize_Lys_ClimDat.xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 2018 East fields.Resource Title: 2018 Bushland, TX, West Maize Weighing Lysimeter and Microclimate Data. File Name: 2018_West_Maize_Lys_ClimDat.xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 2018 West fields.

本数据集囊括了美国农业部-ARS（农业研究服务局） Conservation and Production Laboratory（保守与生产实验室）Soil and Water Management Research Unit（土壤与水资源管理研究单位）位于德克萨斯州布什兰（经纬度：35.186714°N, -102.094189°E，海拔1170米）六年来，即1989年至2018年，六个生长季节中玉米（学名：Zea mays L.，亦称美国之玉米）为粮食生产所进行的称重式水分测定仪数据。玉米种植于四个大型、高精度的称重式水分测定仪中，每个测定仪位于一个4.44公顷正方形田地的中央。称重式水分测定仪用于测量质量，该质量以0.05毫米的精度转换为相对土壤水分储存，每五分钟记录一次土壤水分储存的变化，并以此变化值联合降水量和灌溉量计算作物蒸散量（ET），该数据以15分钟为间隔进行报告。尽管应用了质量控制流程，但本数据集中的ET数据仍被视为原始数据。为确定ET值，在独立流程中应用了先进的降水、露水和霜冻检测算法，相关ET值报告于名为“布什兰德，德克萨斯州玉米谷物数据集的蒸散量与水分平衡数据”的数据集中的文件中，且文件名中包含“水分平衡”字样。每个水分测定仪均配备了一套仪器，用于感应风速、空气温度、相对湿度、辐射平衡成分（例如，净辐射、入射和反射的短波辐射、光合有效辐射（PAR）、入射和反射的长波辐射、植物/土壤表面发出的热红外辐射）、土壤热通量、土壤温度以及特定深度的土壤体积含水量。并非所有属性在任意一年内均被感应；且仪器使用随季节而变化，因此需要每个季节的辅助数据集和数据字典。这些数据集源于旨在确定作物水分利用（ET）、基于参考ET的ET灌溉调度系数、作物生长、产量、收获指数以及受灌溉方法、时机、量（全量或一定程度的水分亏缺）、农业实践、品种和天气影响的水分生产力的研究。先前的研究成果主要集中于玉米ET、作物系数和作物水分生产力。作物系数已被ET网络所采用。这些数据对于测试作物ET、生长和产量的模拟模型具有实际效用，并被农业模型相互比较与改进项目（AgMIP）、OPENET以及众多其他组织用于测试和校准使用卫星和/或气象数据的ET模型。本数据集中的资源包括：资源标题：1989年布什兰德，德克萨斯州，东部玉米称重式水分测定仪和微气候数据。文件名：1989_East_Maize_Lys_ClimDat.xlsx。资源描述：该数据集包含美国农业部-ARS Conservation and Production Laboratory（保守与生产实验室）Soil and Water Management Research Unit（土壤与水资源管理研究单位）位于德克萨斯州布什兰（经纬度：35.186714°N, -102.094189°E，海拔1170米）1989年玉米为粮食生产所进行的称重式水分测定仪数据。特别数据集包含水分测定仪土壤水分储存和排水数据，以及土壤内部和土壤上方传感器的数据。感应属性包括风速、空气温度、相对湿度、辐射平衡成分（例如，净辐射、入射和反射的短波辐射、光合有效辐射（PAR）、入射和反射的长波辐射、植物/土壤表面发出的热红外辐射）、土壤热通量、土壤温度以及特定深度的土壤体积含水量。并非所有属性在任意一年内均被感应。