THE INFLUENCE OF VAGINAL MICROBIOTA ON THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

The vaginal microbiota constitutes a highly specialized and dynamic microbial ecosystem that is essential for maintaining the physiological balance of the female reproductive tract. It is predominantly composed of Lactobacillus species, which play a protective role by regulating the vaginal environment and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Alterations in this microbial community, commonly referred to as dysbiosis, are associated with a wide range of gynecological and reproductive complications, including infertility, inflammatory diseases, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This expanded article provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure, functions, and clinical significance of vaginal microbiota, with particular attention to its role in fertility, pregnancy, and modern reproductive technologies.