The relationship between aspects of leukocytes and plumage coloration from bivariate analyses.

In general, species with more elaborate, but not more complex, plumage had higher leukocyte counts. λ values were tested against null models (λ = 0, complete phylogenetic independence) or phylogenetic dependence (λ = 1) using likelihood ratio tests. Significant differences from 0 (first position) and 1 (second position) are denoted by *. Eosinophil counts were not available for one species. See Results for sample size explanations otherwise.