Lick response ratio (%).

Rate of licking responses from the presentation of timing cue (white dot, 2.5s before the juice delivery/CS-offset to 2.5s after) is summarized (See also Fig 3C). For comparison, the response of free trials during the same time window (from -2.5 to +2.5s from the juice onset) is also shown. While the response rate after the CS+ (red circle) was consistently higher than CS- (blue square) in monkey C, the difference was not clear in monkey S, except S2 and S8. High response rate of free trials indicate the animals could detect the juice delivery without preceding signals.* p**: p ##: pLick response ratio (%).