Final models for the difference in cost per cow (£ /year; based on change in milk production, culling risk, and number of services) following the implementation of 3 reproductive management programmes in dairy herds compared to a baseline¹ scenario.

1 Cows submitted for service based on observation of oestrus only (Group 1). 2 All cows treated with gonadotropin releasing hormone and prostaglandin such that they all receive a first service between 50 and 64 days in milk regardless of oestrous detection. Repeat services based on observation of oestrus. 3 All cows treated with gonadotrophin releasing hormone, progesterone, and prostaglandin such that all cows can receive a first service between 50 and 64 days in milk. Repeat services based on observation of oestrus. 4 Cows not observed in oestrous treated up to 2 times with prostaglandin to increase the probability of a heat between 50 and 64 days in milk. All services based on observation of oestrus. 5 Standard error. 6 Proportion of eligible cows that are served prior to intervention (centred on the mean). Polynomial term. 7 Proportion of served cows that conceive prior to intervention (centred on the mean). Polynomial term. 8 Cumulative 305 day milk yield (thousand kg; centred on the mean). 9 Voluntary waiting period (days) from calving to first service (centred on the mean). 10 Cost of culling a cow and replacing with a heifer (£; centred on the mean). 11 Cost of each artificial insemination (£; centred on the mean). Final models for the difference in cost per cow (£ /year; based on change in milk production, culling risk, and number of services) following the implementation of 3 reproductive management programmes in dairy herds compared to a baseline1 scenario.