Cortisol in salmon by location (ng/mL), mean (SE).

Notes: Cortisol levels in migrating and maturing salmon. All sampled fish (regardless of presence or severity of gillnet disentanglement injuries) were included in estimates for fish with/without fungal infection. Cortisol levels increased in accordance with presence and severity of injury; Nonparametric multiple comparison post-hoc tests confirmed significant differences (P<0.001) between uninjured fish and all categories of injury at in-river migration, and in all pair-wise comparisons at streams except uninjured-minor fish.