The effects of resistance training on health-related physical fitness of people with down syndrome – A systematic review and meta-analysis

This overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effects of resistance training (RT) on physical fitness of people with Down syndrom (DS). A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus, up until January 30th, 2024. The search included key terms like resistance training, strength training, weight training, intellectual disability, and Down syndrome. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration assessment tool. Eighteen articles were reviewed, with nine included in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that RT interventions positively impacted physical fitness in individuals with DS, with significant improvements in both upper and lower limb strength and cardiorespiratory endurance, as indicated by VO_2peak (<i>p</i> = 0.000). Eleven studies were classified as high quality with low risk of bias, four had some methodological concerns, and three non-randomized studies exhibited a high risk of bias. RT interventions appear to significantly enhance physical fitness, including muscle strength, functional abilities, cardiorespiratory fitness, and balance, among individuals with DS, regardless of variations in training methods or program designs. People with Down syndrome display lower physical fitness levels and participate in fewer physical activities compared to their typically developing peers.This reduced participation and fitness level contribute to a pattern of heightened sedentary behavior, which is evident across all age groups.Resistance training interventions exhibit the potential to significantly enhance physical fitness, encompassing improvements in body composition, muscle strength, functional abilities, cardiorespiratory fitness, and balance among individuals with down syndrome. People with Down syndrome display lower physical fitness levels and participate in fewer physical activities compared to their typically developing peers. This reduced participation and fitness level contribute to a pattern of heightened sedentary behavior, which is evident across all age groups. Resistance training interventions exhibit the potential to significantly enhance physical fitness, encompassing improvements in body composition, muscle strength, functional abilities, cardiorespiratory fitness, and balance among individuals with down syndrome.