Table_1_Human and animal botulism surveillance in France from 2008 to 2019.XLSX

Botulism is a human and animal neurological disease caused by the action of bacterial neurotoxins (botulinum toxins) produced by bacteria from the genus Clostridium. This disease induces flaccid paralysis that can result in respiratory paralysis and heart failure. Due to its serious potential impact on public health, botulism is a closely monitored notifiable disease in France through a case-based passive surveillance system. In humans, this disease is rare, with an average of 10 outbreaks reported each year, mainly due to the consumption of contaminated foods. Type B and to a lesser extend type A are responsible for the majority of cases of foodborne botulism. Each year, an average of 30 outbreaks are recorded on poultry farms, about 20 cases in wild birds and about 10 outbreaks in cattle, involving a large number of animals. Mosaic forms C/D and D/C in birds and cattle, respectively, are the predominant types in animals in France. Types C and D have also been observed to a lesser extent in animals. With the exception of botulinum toxin E, which was exceptionally detected throughout the period in wild birds, the types of botulism found in animal outbreaks are different from those identified in human outbreaks over the last ten years in France and no human botulism outbreaks investigated have been linked to animal botulism. In line with the One Health concept, we present the first integrative approach to the routine surveillance of botulism in humans and animals in France.

肉毒杆菌病系由产自梭状芽孢杆菌属细菌产生的神经毒素（肉毒毒素）作用于人体和动物神经系统所致的神经性疾病。该疾病可引发弛缓性麻痹，进而可能导致呼吸麻痹及心力衰竭。鉴于其对公共健康的严重潜在影响，法国对肉毒杆菌病实施严密监控，并通过基于病例的被动监测系统进行报告。在人类中，此病较为罕见，平均每年报告10起疫情，主要由于食用受污染食品所致。B型肉毒杆菌以及在一定程度上A型肉毒杆菌是食源性肉毒杆菌病例的主要病原。每年，家禽养殖场平均记录30起疫情，野生鸟类约20例病例，以及大约10起涉及大量动物的牛疫情。在法国，鸟类和牛中分别以C/D型和D/C型混合形式为主的肉毒杆菌病，是动物肉毒杆菌病的主要类型。C型和D型肉毒杆菌也在一定程度上观察到。除E型肉毒毒素在该期间异常地在野生鸟类中被检测到外，动物疫情中发现的肉毒杆菌病类型与过去十年在法国人类疫情中识别的类型不同，且未发现任何人类肉毒杆菌病疫情与动物肉毒杆菌病有关。遵循“一个健康”的理念，我们首次提出对法国人类和动物肉毒杆菌病常规监测的综合性方法。