The effects and mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs derived from TGF-ß-induced M2-polarized TAMs in prostate cancer.

Recent research indicates that exosome-derived miRNAs play a crucial role in disease progression and may serve as potential candidates for therapeutic interventions. Exosomes are associated with M2 polarized macrophages induced by cytokines or proteins secreted by PCa cells. Recent studies have explored the biological role of exosomal miRNAs in PCa progression, but they have not investigated the mechanism by which exosomal miRNAs mediate communication between PCa and M2-polarized macrophages. Overall design: We analyzed miRNA expression in exosomes from M2-polarized TAMs to assess their role in promoting PCa progression. M2-TAMs were derived from THP-1 monocytes using PMA and TGF-ß. Exosomes from macrophages and M2-TAMs were isolated via ultracentrifugation, and miRNAs expression differences were analyzed using small RNA sequencing