The Yersinia enterocolitica Phospholipase Gene yplA Is Part of the Flagellar Regulon

Yersinia enterocolitica yplA encodes a phospholipase required for virulence. Virulence genes are often regulated in response to environmental signals; therefore, yplA expression was examined using a yplA::lacZY transcriptional fusion. Maximal yplA expression occurred between pH 6.5 and pH 7.5 and was induced in the mid-logarithmic growth phase. Potential Fnr, cyclic AMP (cAMP)-cAMP receptor protein (Crp), and ς(F) regulatory sites were identified in the nucleotide sequence. Reduction of yplA expression by aeration, addition of glucose and sucrose, and application of high temperature and salt is consistent with Fnr-, cAMP-Crp-, and ς(F)-mediated regulation, respectively. Expression of yplA was reduced in flhDC and fliA null strains, indicating that yplA is part of the flagellar regulon.