Data from: Origin of tensile strength of a woven sample cut in bias directions

Textile fabrics are highly anisotropic, so that their mechanical
properties including strengths are a function of direction. An extreme
case is when a woven fabric sample is cut in such a way where the bias
angle and hence the tension loading direction is around 45° relative to
the principal directions. Then, once loaded, no yarn in the sample is held
at both ends, so the yarns have to build up their internal tension
entirely via yarn–yarn friction at the interlacing points. The overall
fabric strength in such a sample is a result of contributions from the
yarns being pulled out and those broken during the process, and thus
becomes a function of the bias direction angle θ, sample width W and
length L, along with other factors known to affect fabric strength tested
in principal directions. Furthermore, in such a bias sample when the major
parameters, e.g. the sample width W, change, not only the resultant
strengths differ, but also the strength generating mechanisms (or failure
types) vary. This is an interesting problem and is analysed in this study.
More specifically, the issues examined in this paper include the exact
mechanisms and details of how each interlacing point imparts the
frictional constraint for a yarn to acquire tension to the level of its
strength when both yarn ends were not actively held by the testing grips;
the theoretical expression of the critical yarn length for a yarn to be
able to break rather than be pulled out, as a function of the related
factors; and the general relations between the tensile strength of such a
bias sample and its structural properties. At the end, theoretical
predictions are compared with our experimental data.