Data of multiple different high-fat diets

Background and Objectives: The spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver
disease (NAFLD), known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can lead
to advanced liver disease. It is known that a variety of diets play a
significant role in the development of NAFLD/NASH. The goal of this study
is to determine the most appropriate composition of diet to induce NASH in
an animal model. Methods: This research used Rattus norvegicus strain
Wistar (n=27), which were divided into four groups and given each diet for
12 weeks: normal diet (ND, n=7), high-fat diet (HFD, n=6), Western diet
(WD, n=7), high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFHFD, n=7). Subjects were
documented for body weight. Blood samples were taken for biochemical
analysis: low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, alanine
aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline
phosphatase (ALP), hepatic lipase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),
interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Feces were taken for
short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis. Liver histology was analyzed using
NAS (NAFLD activity score). The comparison test was carried out using the
one-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: The highest mean of body
weight was in the WD group (346.14 g). Liver enzymes, LDL, triglyceride,
propionic acid, and acetic acid in each group were not significantly
different. TNF-α, IL-6, and hepatic lipase were significant (p = 0.000; p
= 0.000; p = 0.004) and the highest was in the HFD group. Butyrate level
was significant (p = 0.021) and the least was in the HFHFD group (4.77
mMol/g). Only WD and HFHFD had an NAS ≥ 5 (14% and 14%). The highest
percentage of borderline NAS was found in WD (57%). Conclusions: The HFD
group induced significant liver inflammation but did not produce NASH
histologically, whereas the WD and HFHFD groups had the potential to
develop NASH because the diets affected metabolic and inflammatory
parameters as well as liver histology.