Glyoxalase 1 Polymorphisms in Schizophrenia Patients and Healthy Controls

This study recruited 1214 patients (801 males and 406 females) with schizophrenia from the Department of Psychiatry at the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from October 2012 and February 2023. All patients were diagnosed independently by two experienced senior psychiatrists according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) or Fifth Edition (DSM-5). The excluded criteria included any physical disease, psychosis due to general medical conditions, other mental illnesses (e.g., major depression, bipolar disorder, manic episode, anxiety disorder). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate psychotic symptoms. The 1138 healthy controls (734 males and 404 females), who without the histories of major psychiatric disorders, serious physical disease or substance abuse were recruited from the same geographical area. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of Guangdong Medical University (IRB number, PJ2017058). All subjects or their relatives provided informed consent to participate in the study.