Model averaged GAMMs of explanatory variable effects for species richness, estimated species richness, total abundance, and index of sample completeness.

Parameters with numbers were included in the model set. Parameters in bold are those that were significant at P2 km) is 37% lower than D.field1 (adjacent). Values for the latitude longitude smoothing spline are the P values of the spline, together with a description of the effect. Abbreviations are: Tot. abund. = total abundance, Sobs/Chao2 = sample completeness, Adj. R2 = adjusted R2, Lat. Long. = latitude longitude, Alt. = altitude, Urban. = urbanization, D. field = distance to field, D.wood = distance to wood, Coast = distance to coast, G.size = garden size, SE = south east, and NS = not significant.