Supporting data for "Antiviral effect of the branched peptide 4P9R on human rhinovirus"

Human rhinovirus (HRV) is one of the most common viral pathogens that cause human respiratory tract infection, but there are no approved antiviral drugs for clinical use against HRV. In the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, the persistence of HRV and the complex effects of its co-infection have once again emphasised the importance of developing a broad-spectrum antiviral drug with anti-HRV effects. 4P9R is a branched broad-spectrum antiviral peptide developed by our group based on natural antiviral peptides, which has shown good antiviral potential against several influenza viruses and coronaviruses by crosslinking them and blocking their entry and release. However, the antiviral potential of 4P9R for non-enveloped viruses has not yet been tested.In this study, we demonstrated the dose-dependent antiviral effect of 4P9R against several HRV serotypes, including major group and minor group HRVs. We found that 4P9R could directly act on HRVs and crosslink the viruses on the cell surface, thus blocking their entry. We also demonstrated that 4P9R could increase viral attachment on cell surface and slightly reduce viral release. We tried to establish a mouse model for HRV replication to verify the antiviral effects of 4P9R. However, current HRV animal models could not support HRV replication with sufficient viral load changes in mice, indicating that the animal model requires further optimization. Overall, we demonstrated that this novel antiviral peptide has broad-spectrum activities against various serotypes of HRV.

人类鼻病毒（HRV）是导致人类呼吸道感染的常见病毒病原体之一，然而，针对HRV尚无获批的抗病毒药物。在最近的COVID-19大流行期间，HRV的持续存在及其共感染所引起的复杂影响，再次凸显了开发具有抗HRV活性的广谱抗病毒药物的重要性。4P9R是一种由本团队基于天然抗病毒肽研发的分支广谱抗病毒肽，通过交联并阻断其进入和释放，已显示出对多种流感病毒和冠状病毒的良好抗病毒潜力。然而，4P9R对无包膜病毒的抗病毒潜力尚未得到测试。在本研究中，我们展示了4P9R对包括主要组和次要组HRV在内的多种HRV血清型的剂量依赖性抗病毒作用。我们发现4P9R可以直接作用于HRV，并在细胞表面交联病毒，从而阻断其进入。我们还证明了4P9R可以增加病毒在细胞表面的附着，并略微减少病毒的释放。我们试图建立HRV复制的小鼠模型以验证4P9R的抗病毒效果。然而，目前的小鼠HRV动物模型无法支持HRV在足够病毒载量变化的情况下进行复制，这表明动物模型需要进一步优化。总体而言，我们证明了这种新型抗病毒肽对HRV的多种血清型具有广谱活性。