Dataset for "Emerging tremors and increasing seismic noise precede micro-earthquakes triggered in a fluid-activated shale fault slip experiment (2015, Mt Terri URL, Switzerland)"

This dataset contains the raw data of the injection experiment, performed in the Mt Terri Underground Platform in 2015 and used in the article:

De Barros, L., Guglielmi, Y., F. Cappa, C. Nussbaum, J. Birkholzer, 2023. Induced microseismicity and tremor signatures illuminate different slip behaviors in a natural shale fault reactivated by a fluid pressure stimulation (Mont Terri), Geophysical Journal International, 10.1093/gji/ggad231

From a horizontal gallery, three vertical boreholes allowed the deployment of an injection probe (called SIMFIP; Guglielmi et al., 2014) and the monitoring sensors in the upper compartment of a N50°-60°SE fault zone. The 2.4 m long injection chamber of the SIMFIP probe was centered at 340.6 m depth, where a 3D displacement sensor was anchored on the borehole walls. A second SIMFIP probe is located 3.1 m northwest of the injection at a depth of 337.65 m, with another deformation sensor. Both deformation sensors measured the full strain tensor thanks to a Bragg optic fiber network, jointly with a fluid pressure sensor. A third borehole, located 2 m north of the monitoring probe, was dedicated to seismic monitoring. Two sets of collocated sensors, composed of a vertical geophone, a 3C accelerometer and an acoustic sensor, were positioned 9 m apart, above and below the main fault zone. These seismic sensors have a flat response in the ranges 0.01-0.5 kHz, 0.01-4 kHz and 0.5-10 kHz, respectively. Finally, the flowrate and pressure were also measured at the injection pump, located in the gallery.
For more details on the injection, we refer the reader to:
    • Jeanne, P., Guglielmi, Y., Rutqvist, J., Nussbaum, C., Birkholzer, J., 2018. Permeability Variations Associated With Fault Reactivation in a Claystone Formation Investigated by Field Experiments and Numerical Simulations. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 123, 1694–1710. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB015149
    • Guglielmi, Y., Nussbaum, C., Cappa, F., De Barros, L., Rutqvist, J., Birkholzer, J., 2021. Field-scale fault reactivation experiments by fluid injection highlight aseismic leakage in caprock analogs: Implications for CO2 sequestration. Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control 111, 103471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103471
    • Guglielmi, Y., Nussbaum, C., Jeanne, P., Rutqvist, J., Cappa, F., Birkholzer, J., 2020. Complexity of Fault Rupture and Fluid Leakage in Shale: Insights From a Controlled Fault Activation Experiment. J.Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 125, e2019JB017781. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB017781
    • Guglielmi, Y., Cappa, F., Lançon, H., Janowczyk, J.B., Rutqvist, J., Tsang, C.F., Wang, J.S.Y., 2014. ISRM Suggested Method for Step-Rate Injection Method for Fracture In-Situ Properties (SIMFIP): Using a 3-Components Borehole Deformation Sensor. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 47, 303–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0517-1