Summary of co-occurrence model rankings used to evaluate the role of interspecific interactions on occurrence of lion, leopard, and wild dog in Ruaha-Rungwa, at two spatial scales.

Models in which site use of the subordinate species depends on the presence (ΨBA) or the absence (ΨBa) of the dominant species (conditional models, denoted as ψBa ≠ ψBA) were compared against models in which site use of the subordinate species is independent of the presence of the dominant species (unconditional models, denoted as ψBa = ψBA). For each analysis, only the best-supported conditional and unconditional models are presented; see S2 Appendix for full model rankings.