Venomous and poisonous arthropods: identification, clinical manifestations of envenomation, and treatments used in human injuries

Abstract This review presents the main species of venomous and poisonous arthropods, with commentary on the clinical manifestations provoked by the toxins and therapeutic measures used to treat human envenomations. The groups of arthopods discussed include the class Arachnida (spiders and scorpions, which are responsible for many injuries reported worldwide, including Brazil); the subphylum Myriapoda, with the classes Chilopoda and Diplopoda (centipedes and millipedes); and the subphylum Hexapoda, with the class Insecta and the orders Coleoptera (beetles), Hemiptera (stink bugs, giant water bugs, and cicadas), Hymenoptera (ants, wasps, and bees), and Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths).

本综述介绍了具毒与含毒节肢动物的主要类群，并评述了其毒素引发的临床表现，以及用于治疗人类毒液中毒的相关治疗手段。本次讨论涉及的节肢动物类群包括：蛛形纲（Arachnida）——蜘蛛与蝎子，二者在全球范围内引发大量上报的伤人事件，巴西亦为相关事件的高发区域之一；多足亚门（Myriapoda），涵盖唇足纲（Chilopoda）与倍足纲（Diplopoda），即蜈蚣与马陆；以及六足亚门（Hexapoda），其下包含昆虫纲（Insecta）与多个目：鞘翅目（Coleoptera，甲虫）、半翅目（Hemiptera，蝽类、巨型水蝽与蝉）、膜翅目（Hymenoptera，蚂蚁、黄蜂与蜜蜂）以及鳞翅目（Lepidoptera，蝴蝶与蛾类）。