Effect of fixed and random factors on kinematic parameters (LMM analysis).

Different columns report the regression coefficients (β) and p-values (P, evaluated by MCMC sampling, 10.000 simulations, see Methods and [32]) for the intercept and the fixed factors (flight time T, ball arrival height Z). The two rightmost columns report the AIC values computed including the random factor (AIClmm) and without it (AIClm). If AIClmm>AIClm the inclusion of the random factor (i.e. subject) is justified, indicating that the particular kinematic parameter varies across subjects. Results are from the six subjects selected in the main study with the exception of the last two rows referring to all the 14 subjects enrolled in the experiment.***: p_value††Tc = time of arrival at the frontal plane passing for subject shoulder at launch time; TB = impact time (see Figure 4).