Phylogenomics and historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan velvet ant tribe Trogaspidiini (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

A phylogenomic and historical biogeographic study of the cosmopolitan velvet ant tribe Trogaspidiini (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Mutillinae) was conducted using ultraconserved elements (UCEs). Thirty-six of the forty-five described trogaspidiine genera and subgenera were represented using 95 ingroup taxa. The monophyly of the exclusively New World genus Timulla Ashmead with respect to the Old World trogaspidiine fauna was tested using 40 Timulla exemplars. Maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) were used for phylogenetic analysis of the tribe using an aligned data set of 1,148,582 characters.