Antibiotic drugs are frequently used in the rearing of farm animals in South East Asia either as direct treatments or as supplements in animal feed. However, there is limited information into the prevalence and patterns of dissemination antimicrobial resistance within these farm environments. Within this study we developed a bacterial isolate collection from small and medium sized pig farms in Thailand. Each farm had samples collected from the livestock handlers (C), humans that lived in the farm's proximity but were not in direct contact with the farm animals (NC), and from the health pigs (P) present on the farm.

Increasing intensification and expansion of the livestock sector in emerging economies is alarge user of antimicrobials, driving the global emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteriain livestock, humans and the environment. The objective here is to test interventions aimedto reduce antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock in emerging economies using the pigproduction in Thailand as a study case. Regulations may not be sufficient to reduce AMU inthe livestock sector and can therefore have limited impact on the resulting development ofAMR in the biota. Thus, there is a need to find interventions that do not depend solely onregulation. The novelty is that we will test interventions by computer simulations based onprimary data generated through a One Health approach. Based on known distributions ofpig production we will record knowledge, attitudes and practices related to AMU and animalmanagement among pig farmers. Then we will collect samples from pigs, pig farmers andcontrol human subjects who are not in contact with pigs and perform phenotypic andmolecular analysis of the AMR profiles. Using these data-sets, we will do spatial analysesand model the impacts of altering variables for practices related to AMU, animalmanagement and farm structure, with emphasis on farmers' incentives, to explore whetherthese would be expected to lead to a reduction in AMU. Ultimately, we will assess if such areduction can be related to the burden of AMR in pigs, pig farmers and non-exposedhumans. Finally, we will assess the economic and social feasibility of the testedinterventions