Proximal tubule cell maturation rate and function are controlled by PPARα signaling in kidney organoids.

Kidney organoids derived from human iPSCs have cell heterogeneity of maturation. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAs-seq) to extract the factor related to proximal tubule maturation. Using the kidney organoids cultured with the factors that accelerate the maturation speed of proximal tubules extracted by the aforementioned method, we examined whether the maturity of the proximal tubules increases within the same induction period. Kidney organoids at day 15, 19, 23, 27 and 31 were used for analysis to extract the factor lerated to proximal tubule maturation. To confirm the proximal tubule maturation, kidney organoids were treated with vehicle control and PPARA agonists from day 15 to day 23 and sampled on day 23.