An overview of <i>Favolus</i> from the Neotropics, including four new species

<i>Favolus</i> is a monophyletic genus of polypores that causes white rot of various woody plants. The genus has a worldwide distribution and is ecologically and economically important. Several taxa have been described or reported from the Neotropics, and <i>F. brasiliensis</i>, described originally from Brazil, is the type species for the genus. Based on molecular investigations, <i>F. brasiliensis</i> is now known to represent a species complex. The species is morphologically and phylogenetically circumscribed and epitypified here, and <i>F. rugulosus</i> is proposed as a new related species. <i>Favolus grammocephalus</i> and <i>Polyporus philippinensis</i>, initially described from Asia, have also recently been recorded from the Neotropics, so these taxa were included in this investigation employing morphological and multigene (mitochondrial, ribosomal, and protein-coding regions) phylogenetic analyses. These latter two species do not occur in the Neotropics, but the misapplied names actually represent three new species: <i>F. pseudogrammocephalus, F. radiatifibrillosus</i>, and <i>F. yanomami</i>. Nine species of <i>Favolus</i> are documented now for the Neotropics. Detailed descriptions of <i>F. brasiliensis</i> and all new taxa are provided, along with comments, illustrations, a map of potential distribution, and a key for neotropical species of <i>Favolus</i>.