PD-L1 regulates inflammatory programs of macrophages from human pluripotent stem cells.

CRISPR knock-out combined with flow cytometry and scRNA-seq show that PD-L1 ablation compromises macrophage development from human pluripotent stem cells Overall design: PD-L1 is detected to be sharply expressed in only macrophages, and through PD-L1 knock-out by CRISPR, we found a surge decrease of macrophage population developed from human pluripotent stem cells, by flow cytometry. ScRNA-seq of wild-type and PD-L1 knock-out sample was used to characterize the difference of macrophages between them.