The effect the Biochar-Based fertilizer on acid soil and bacteria community in southeast of China

The pyrolysis of biomass produces biochar, a substance rich in carbon that has become a focus of interdisciplinary research. Bamboo charcoal is one type of biochar, and this study aims to investigate how bamboo charcoal affects the physico-chemical characteristics, enzyme activity and microbial community structure of soil used in tea gardens. The results showed that the addition of bamboo charcoal to soil can raise its pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium. The activities of soil acid phosphatase and beta-glucosidase were markedly decreased. The activities of catalase and sucrase are significantly increased when organic fertilizer and bamboo charcoal are used together. The Shannon diversity, Simpson diversity and Piru diversity of the microbial communities were also significantly increased. After the addition of bamboo charcoal, the relative abundance of protein bacteria significantly increased, while the relative number of acid bacteria correspondingly decreased in the soil samples. Different concentrations of bamboo charcoal treatment can significantly alter microbial markers in soil. According to this study, treating soil with bamboo charcoal may somewhat enhance its physicochemical characteristics, enzyme activity and microbial community structure, laying the groundwork for future research on soil ecological restoration.