Assessment of ecosystem health, valuation, and perception of ecosystem services using epilithic diatom metacommunities in Andean rivers

This study analyzes perceptions about the ecosystem services provided by the Tomebamba and Yanuncay rivers in Cuenca, Ecuador. Located in the Andean region, these rivers originate in a high mountain ecosystem crucial for regulating water supply. The objectives of the research were to assess the perceptions of urban communities, analyze differences between academic disciplines and roles, and propose strategies for sustainable river management. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through surveys applied to 511 students and professors from two universities near the rivers, as well as focus groups with residents of neighborhoods near the rivers, El Vergel and La Isla. Results indicate that regulating services, such as the water cycle and associated biodiversity, were the most valued (45%), followed by cultural services (40%), which emphasize the role of rivers in recreation, identity, and the emotional well-being of the community. However, water supply services were undervalued (15%), revealing a gap between the perceptions of Cuenca residents and ecological processes. Differences were observed between disciplines, with environmental sciences showing greater awareness of bioindicators and ecosystem health. The findings highlight the need for interdisciplinary educational initiatives and participatory strategies that strengthen socio-ecological connections and support sustainable river management.