Matrices of parameter estimates from the multivariate autoregressive state-space (MARSS) modelling procedure.

Parameter matrix diagonals have been subtracted by 1 to obtain the same parameter interpretation for diagonals and off-diagonals [47]. The matrix diagonals show intra-population density dependence, whereas the off-diagonals show interaction terms between the eco-species. Negative values indicate negative density dependence/negative interspecific interactions. Parameteri,j shows the influence of eco-species j on eco-species i, where i is the row number and j is the column number. Parameter 95% confidence intervals are given (lower, upper) for the final model. Parameter value 0 indicates that the interaction was removed from the model by setting the parameter to 0.*AIC: Akaike information criterion.