Numbers of denied and admitted applications at six departments as part of the study [41].

Variable 1 is sex (men—women), variable 2 is admittance (denied–admitted), and variable 3 is the department (1 to 6). is the LD between variable 1 and variable 3 (which is now dichotomous: Department i versus the rest). is the LD between variable 2 and variable 3 (which is again dichotomous: Department i versus the rest). Parameter stands for the frequency of applications to department i. is the LD between the first category of variable 1 and the first category of variable 2 within Department i, and is the corresponding correlation coefficient.