Characteristics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in wild gulls habituating in Swedish urban environments in 2012.

Susceptibility to ampicillin (Am), ciprofloxacin (Ci), nalidixic acid (Nal), gentamycin (Gm), streptomycin (Sm), tetracycline (Tc), flophenicol (Ff), colistin (Cs), sulfamethoxazole (Su), trimethoprime (Tm), chloramphenicol (Cm), kanamycin (Km), cefotaxim (Ctx) and ceftazidime (Caz), and was determined by microdilution. Susceptibility to, cefoxitin (Fox), tobramycin (Nn), piperacillin/Tazobactam (Tzp), amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (AmC), tigecycline (Tgc), nitrofurantoin, meropenem, amikacin, Ertapenem and imipenem was determined by disc diffusion. Susceptibility to fosfomycin was determined by E-test. Epidemiological cut-off values for resistance according to EUCAST (www.eucast.org). All isolates were resistant to ampicillin and cefotaxime.